Healthy cattle have bright and lively eyes, eyes that move freely from side to side, lively eyelids, wet nose, nose, mouth and pubic area without abnormal secretions, short and shiny coat, elastic skin, steady feet, flexible movements, and long body when lying.

Appetite is the most reliable evidence of cattle health, under normal circumstances, as long as sick, the first will affect the appetite of cattle, every morning when feeding pay attention to see whether there is leftover feed, for early detection of disease is very important. In addition, the quality of rumination can well reflect the health of cattle. Healthy cows ruminate for about 8 hours a day, especially at night. Under normal circumstances, as long as the sick cow begins to ruminate, it means that the disease has improved. The normal body temperature of adult cattle is 38 ~ 395℃, and that of calves is 38.5 ~ 39.8℃. When cattle suffer from infectious diseases, gastroenteritis and pneumonia, the body temperature is mostly above 40℃. Adult cows breathe 10 to 30 times per minute and calves 40 to 60 times per minute. Smelly exhaled air is a sign of disease in cattle. Generally, the pulse number of adult cattle is 40 to 80 times per minute, and that of calves is 80 to 100 times.

Normal cows defecate 10 to 15 times a day and urinate 8 to 10 times a day. The feces of healthy cattle have appropriate hardness, and the excretion of cow dung is a section, but the fattening cow dung is slightly soft, the excretion times are generally slightly more, and the urine is generally bright and slightly yellow.

When cattle are sick, health management should be carried out to make the disease no longer worse and recover soon. In case of an infectious disease, the cattle should first be isolated and the surrounding environment should be disinfected. Non-essential personnel should not touch sick cattle to prevent the spread of the disease. Weak sick cattle, generally afraid of cold, should pay attention to heat preservation. Take the cattle to a cool place and let them drink cold water or pour water over the cattle to cool them down. In addition, it is necessary to clean the manure barn frequently, because cow manure contains a large number of E. coli and its pathogens. The floor of the barn should be kept dry, and dry straw should be padded to prevent the breeding of pathogenic bacteria. When cattle suffer from arthritis or foot rot, the body has injuries, to prevent feces and urine contamination of the wound, keep the cattle clean, so that it will heal faster.

Drugs are used to treat sick cattle by mixing them into feed and water. However, sometimes the cattle do not like to eat after the feed is mixed, and some drugs cannot be mixed with the feed, which requires other methods to be fed. You can use a polyethylene bottle to give medicine, hold the bull's nose ring when filling the medicine, raise the cow's head slightly, insert the bottle from the side of the cow's mouth without teeth, and slowly fill the deep part of the import to prevent the cow from vomiting out. However, when cattle cough, they should stop feeding and re-feeding after calming down. The lower end of the rubber tube can be coated with edible oil, and the tube is first inserted about 40 centimeters into the nostril, and the tube is inserted quickly when the cow has the swallowing action. When the tube is inserted into the feeding canal, the cow will feel a little resistance. If accidentally inserted into the trachea, the cow does not resist, but keeps coughing. When the tube goes down to the pharynx 20 to 30 cm, from one end of the tube can be quickly blown into the air, at this time, you will see the left side of the esophagus groove fluctuations, and when inhaling nothing to suck up, using this method can determine whether the tube is inserted into the esophagus. After it is determined that the esophagus is inserted into the deep, when inserted into the stomach, you can install a funnel on the outside end of the tube, first fill a small amount of water, and then fill the drug, and then fill a small amount of water to wash the liquid medicine in the tube, and then take off the funnel, blow into the tube, and slowly draw out when the tube is empty.