Manure removal in livestock houses is usually done by mechanical removal and water flushing.

(1) Mechanical removal: This method is often used when feces and bedding are mixed or feces and urine are separated and are in a semi-dry state. Manure removal machinery includes human trolley, ground rail car, monorail lifting tank, traction scraper, electric or motor forklift, etc.

When mechanical manure removal is used, in order to separate feces from urine and production sewage, sewage discharge systems are usually set up in livestock houses. Liquid substances flow into the manure tank through the drainage system for storage, while solid substances are transported directly to the storage yard by means of vehicles with the help of humans or machinery. This drainage system is generally composed of a drainage ditch, an outlet, an underground discharge pipe and a manure tank. In order to facilitate the smooth flow of urine water, the floor of the livestock house should be slightly inclined to the urination ditch.

1. Urination ditch Urination ditch is used to accept manure and sewage from the livestock house floor flow, generally located at the back of the livestock stall, close to the excrement channel, urination ditch must be impervious, and can ensure the smooth discharge of urine water. The form of the urination ditch is generally square or semicircular. The dairy house should use a square urination ditch, can also be used double urination ditch, urination ditch to the drop mouth to have 1-1.5% slope, but the depth at the drop mouth can not be too large, the general requirements of the cow house is not greater than 15cm.

2. The drop mouth, commonly known as water leakage, is the connecting part of the drainage ditch and the underground discharge pipe. In order to prevent the manure from falling into the blockage, there should be an iron grate above, and the iron grate should be the same height as the urine ditch. At the lower part of the drop mouth, below the underground discharge pipe mouth, a deep underground extension should be formed, and this extension is called the precipitation well, which is used to precipitate the solid matter in the fecal water and prevent the blockage of the pipeline. A water seal can be set in the descending mouth to prevent the odor in the manure tank from entering the house through the underground discharge pipe.

3. The underground discharge pipe is perpendicular to the drainage pipe, which is used to introduce the urine and sewage flowing down the inlet into the manure tank outside the livestock house. Therefore, a 3-5% slope towards the manure tank is required. In cold areas, anti-freezing measures should be taken for the outer part of the underground discharge pipe to prevent the contaminated liquid in the pipe from freezing. If the distance of the underground discharge pipe from the external wall of the livestock house to the manure tank is greater than 5m, an inspection well should be built outside the wall to dredge the pipe when it is blocked. But in cold areas, pay attention to check the well insulation.

4. The manure pool should be located in a low lying place outside the building, and should be on the opposite side of the playground. Not less than 5m away from the external wall of the livestock house. Must be made of impermeable material. The volume and quantity of the manure tank are determined according to the types of livestock, the number of animals, the length of feeding period and the storage time of manure water. If the manure tank is not emptied for a long time, it requires a larger volume, which is very uneconomical. Therefore, it is generally built according to the storage of 20-30 days and the volume of 20-30 square meters. The manure pond must be away from the drinking well l00m.

(2) Water flushing: This method is mostly used when the grass is not used and the ground is leaky. Its advantages are: save labor and time, high efficiency. The disadvantages are: the leaky seam under the ground is inconvenient to disinfect, which is not conducive to preventing the spread of diseases in the house; The civil engineering is complicated; Large investment, water consumption, fecal water storage, management, treatment technology is complex; The treatment and utilization of fecal water are difficult; Easy to cause environmental pollution. In addition, the use of leaky ground, water cleaning of feces is easy to lead to increased air humidity in the house, the deterioration of ground health conditions, sometimes there is foul odor, cold air backpouring phenomenon, and even cause air collusion between houses. This cleaning system consists of the following parts:

1. Leaky ground The so-called leaky ground is to leave many gaps on the ground. Fecal urine falls on the ground, the liquid flows from the gap into the fecal ditch under the ground, the solid feces are stepped into the ditch by domestic animals, and a small amount of residual feces are rinsed manually. Compared with the traditional method of cleaning feces, the leak-seam ground can greatly save labor and improve labor efficiency.

The leaky floor can be made of various materials. In the United States, 50% of leaky floors are made of wood, 32% of concrete, and 18% of metal. However, the wooden leaky panel is very unsanitary and easy to be damaged, and the service life is not long. Leaky surfaces made of metal are prone to corrosion and rust. Concrete made of durable, easy to clean and disinfect, more suitable. It is also used for plastic leaky ground, which is corrosion-resistant than metal leaky ground and easy to clean.

2. The fecal ditch is located below the leaky ground, and its width varies depending on the width of the leaky ground, from 0.8m to 2m; Its depth is 0.7 to 0.8m; The slope of the dip pit is 0.5-1%.

Due to the high water consumption, large storage amount of fecal water, difficult treatment, recycling water can be adopted in order to save water in production. However, recycling water can lead to cross-infection of diseases. In addition, the cement cover can also be used in the form of side joint, that is, the underground manure ditch is covered with a concrete prefabricated plate, the plate is slightly higher than the ground at the edge of the manure ditch, and thus forms a side joint with the edge of the manure ditch. The manure from the livestock is washed into the manure ditch. This form costs less and is less likely to damage the hooves of livestock.

3. Manure tank (or tank) Manure tank (or tank) is divided into underground, semi-underground and above-ground three forms. Either form must be prevented from leakage, so as not to pollute the underground water. In addition, the implementation of water flushing feces must not only use sewage pumps, but also need to be carried by special tank trucks. Once infectious or parasitic diseases occur, such a large amount of fecal water harmless treatment will become a problem. Many countries' environmental protection laws and regulations stipulate that manure water in livestock farms is not allowed to be arbitrarily discharged or applied without harmless treatment, and the cost of manure water treatment is huge.